Leonhardt Schröter (c. 1532 – c. 1601) was a German Renaissance choirmaster, teacher, and composer at Magdeburg.

Schröter (or Schroeter) was born in Torgau.  By at least 1561 until 1571, he occupied the position of town Kantor (director of church music) in Saalfeld.
He was removed from this position because of his Philippist sympathies, whereupon he became librarian for the Wolfenbüttel court.  He was restored to his position at Saalfeld two years later.  Subsequently he was hired to teach at the Old City School in Magdeburg.
His last and most prestigious post was as Kantor at the Alstadt Lateinschule in Magdeburg.
Schröter is thought to have died sometime around the year 1601, based on an inscription in Friedrich Weissensee’s “Opus Melicum” from 1602, which describes Schröter’s recent death.